What is Osteoporosis :-
defination:- Osteoporosis, defined
as low bone mass leading to increased
fracture risk.
u
uOsteoporosis is a disease in which
the bones become weak and are more likely to break.
Osteoporosis
is called the "silent disease" because bone loss does not have any
symptoms until a bone breaks.
Prevalence:-
uAccording to international
osteoporosis foundation :-
u1 in 3 women over 50
.
u1 in 5 men over 50 .
umale to female ratio
1:6
Types
of osteoporosis:-
u2
types :-
a)
primary osteoporosis
u type 1 :
postmenopausal osteoporosis
u type 2 : age- associated osteoporosis
ub)
secondary osteoporosis
The most common
causes of secondary osteoporosis include:-
uExposure to glucocorticoid medications
uAlcohol abuse
uSmoking
uGastrointestinal
disease
uImmobilization.
Clinical sign and symptoms:-
uFracture cause by
osteoporosis are often painful.
uBack pain.
uCompression fracture
of spine.
uBone fracture.
uKyphosis
uDecreased activity
tolerance
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
uRisk factors you cannot change:
uSex. Women have lower peak bone
mass and smaller bones than men. They also lose bone more rapidly than men in
middle age because of reduction
in estrogen levels that occurs
with menopause.
uAge. The older you
are, the greater your risk of osteoporosis.
uBody
size. thin-boned women are at greater risk.
uRace. Asian women are at
highest risk.
uFamily
history.
Risk factors you can or may be able to change:-
uSex
hormone deficiencies. extreme
levels of physical activity combined with restricted calorie intake.
uDiet. a diet low in
calcium and vitamin D can increase your risk of osteoporosis.
uCertain
medical conditions. medical
conditions—including a variety of genetic, endocrine, gastrointestinal etc.
uMedications. Long-term use
of certain medications, including glucocorticoids and some anticonvulsants, leads to bone loss and
increased risk of osteoporosis
uAn
inactive lifestyle or extended bed rest.
uExcessive
use of alcohol.
uSmoking.
Risk Factors for Fractures:-
uOlder age (age 65 and
older)
uCurrent tobacco use
uWeight less than 127
pounds
uMenopause prior to
age 50
uAmenorrhea
uLifelong low calcium
intake
uExcess alcohol
consumption
uFalls
uMinimal
weight-bearing exercise
uMedical
conditions—hyperthyroidism, chronic lung disease, malignancy, chronic hepatic or
renal disease, hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D deficiency.
Diagnosis of osteoporosis
•Medical
history
•
•Physical
examination
•
•Bone
mineral density test
•FRAX
score-The WHO Fracture Risk Assessment Tool
•
•Laboratory
tests
uBone
turnover markers (BTMs)
u
uVertebral
fracture assessments (VFAs)
u
u X-rays
and
u
uBone
scans
Diagnosing Osteoporosis:-
uDiagnosing
osteoporosis involves several steps,
1. a physical exam and a
careful medical history,
2. blood and urine
tests, and
3. a bone mineral
density assessment.
A physical
exam that should include checking for loss of height and changes in posture and
may include checking your balance and gait (the way you walk).
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